From Ann Logsdon,
Your Guide to Learning Disabilities.
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Definition:

Concrete Reasoning:

The ability to analyze information and solve problems on a literal level. Concrete reasoning tasks involve skills such as:

• Basic knowledge of names of objects, places, and people;
• Understanding of basic cause and effect relationships;
• Solving problems that have clear processes and logical solutions; and typically
• Do not involve theory, metaphor, or complex analogy.

Concrete reasoning is important because it is the basis of all knowledge. Students need a firm understanding of basic educational concepts and problem solving. This enables them to learn new ideas. It helps with later learning because it gives students the ability to link new ideas to previously learned ideas. This promotes stronger long-term memory of concepts

Concrete reasoning is typically measured in a full assessment of intellectual ability, or IQ. Most extended intelligence tests assess several types of problem-solving abilities, including concrete reasoning. Most brief intelligence tests do not.

Students with difficulty in concrete reasoning may benefit from using hands-on materials and multi-sensory teaching methods, adaptations for students with language deficits, games to improve memory, speech and language therapy, and occupational therapy.

Examples: The ability to match shapes and colors is an example of concrete reasoning.